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COMPLUGEST - BLOG
Ley de nietos
Manuel Toledo
2020-11-10
Para iniciar una nueva vida en la tierra de sus ancestros o simplemente para honrar la herencia de sus padres y abuelos, cerca de 400 mil descendientes de españoles en el exterior recuperaron la ciudadanía española durante los tres años que estuvo en vigencia la disposición adicional séptima de la Ley de Memoria Histórica, que permitía obtener la nacionalidad a los hijos y nietos de españoles exiliados por la guerra franquista.
Ley de Memoria Histórica: la reivindicación de los expatriados españoles
La Ley de Memoria Histórica, también conocida como la “Ley de Nietos“, se promulgó en diciembre de 2007, como un mecanismo de reparación y reconocimiento de las víctimas de la guerra civil y el franquismo.
En su disposición adicional séptima, la Ley de Memoria Histórica permitió la adquisición por opción de la nacionalidad española de origen a hijos y nietos de españoles expatriados.
Esta disposición legal entró en vigor el 29 de diciembre de 2008 y tuvo una aplicación de dos años consecutivos, más un año adicional de prórroga, que expiró el 27 de diciembre de 2011.
De acuerdo con el texto legal promulgado (y publicado por el Boletín Oficial del Estado), la ley tenía por objeto “reconocer y ampliar derechos a favor de quienes padecieron persecución o violencia, por razones políticas, ideológicas, o de creencia religiosa, durante la Guerra Civil y la Dictadura, promover su reparación moral y la recuperación de su memoria personal y familiar, y adoptar medidas complementarias destinadas a suprimir elementos de división entre los ciudadanos, todo ello con el fin de fomentar la cohesión y solidaridad entre las diversas generaciones de españoles en torno a los principios, valores y libertades constitucionales”.
Derecho de nacionalidad
El derecho de nacionalidad se reconoció a ciudadanos cuyo padre o madre hubiese sido originariamente español o española y a nietos de españoles que debieron renunciar a su nacionalidad o simplemente la perdieron debido al exilio forzado por la guerra o la dictadura, durante el período comprendido entre el 18 de julio de 1936 y el 31 de diciembre de 1955.
La Ley de Memoria Histórica
Es la reivindicación de los españoles expatriados por el franquismo. Desagravio moral que ha tenido un amplio impacto político, social y jurídico; pero también demográfico, pues se calcula que los dos últimos años de aplicación de la disposición adicional séptima, la Ley de Nietos supuso la incorporación de 200 mil nuevos ciudadanos españoles registrados en el territorio de ese país.
El número total de ciudadanías españolas otorgadas a ciudadanos extranjeros se estableció en más de 400 mil, mucho menos de las 500 mil que habían calculado las autoridades antes de la promulgación de la ley.
El 95% de las solicitudes presentadas en consulados y embajadas españolas fueron procesadas de manera positiva, siendo el 90% de los demandantes ciudadanos residentes en Latinoamérica, principalmente de Argentina, Venezuela y Cuba.
Casi el 90% de las solicitudes correspondieron al grupo de hijos de emigrantes y el 10% restante a la categoría de nietos.
